What is Railway kavach system?

A significant step towards improving train operation safety in India has been taken by Ministry of Railways with the development of Kavach, an indigenous Automatic Train Protection System.
The Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) collaborated with three Indian vendors to create Kavach, which assists locomotive pilots in avoiding Signal Passing At Danger (SPAD) and over speeding, while also aiding train operation during adverse weather conditions such as dense fog.
By automatically applying brakes when necessary, Kavach ensures better control of train speed and prevents potential accidents.