Q. Data which is routed between networks or from node to node within networks requires only the functions of OSI

Explanation by: Mr. Dubey

When data is routed between networks or from node to node within networks, it primarily requires the following OSI layers:
Layer 1: Physical Layer – deals with the actual physical connection (wires, cables, etc.).
Layer 2: Data Link Layer – responsible for node-to-node data transfer, error detection, and correction.
Layer 3: Network Layer – handles routing, addressing, and packet forwarding (like IP addressing and routing).
These three layers (1-3) are crucial for ensuring that data can be transmitted across different networks. Higher layers (4-7) focus on application, presentation, and session functions, which are not directly involved in basic data routing and transmission.