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Q. 161) Find a counterexample of ∀x∀y(xy > y), where the domain for all variables consists of all integers.

(A) x = -1, y = 17
(B) x = -2 y = 8
(C) both x = -1, y = 17 and x = -2 y = 8
(D) does not have any counter example
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Q. 162) Which rule of inference is used in each of these arguments, “If it is Wednesday, then the Smartmart will be crowded. It is Wednesday. Thus, the Smartmart is crowded.”

(A) modus tollens
(B) modus ponens
(C) disjunctive syllogism
(D) simplification
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Q. 163) Which rule of inference is used in each of these arguments, “If it hailstoday, the local office will be closed. The local office is not closed today. Thus, it did not hailed today.”

(A) modus tollens
(B) conjunction
(C) hypothetical syllogism
(D) simplification
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Q. 164) Which rule of inference is used, ”Bhavika will work in an enterprise this summer. Therefore, this summer Bhavika will work in an enterprise or he will go to beach.”

(A) simplification
(B) conjunction
(C) addition
(D) disjunctive syllogism
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Q. 165) What rules of inference are used in this argument? “All students in this science class has taken a course in physics” and “Marry is a student in this class” imply the conclusion “Marry has taken a course in physics.”

(A) universal instantiation
(B) universal generalization
(C) existential instantiation
(D) existential generalization
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Q. 166) What rules of inference are used in this argument? “It is either colder than Himalaya today or the pollution is harmful. It is hotter than Himalaya today. Therefore, the pollution is harmful.”

(A) conjunction
(B) modus ponens
(C) disjunctive syllogism
(D) hypothetical syllogism
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Q. 167) The premises (p ∧ q) ∨ r and r → s imply which of the conclusion?

(A) p ∨ r
(B) p ∨ s
(C) p ∨ q
(D) q ∨ r
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Q. 168) What rules of inference are used in this argument? “Jay is an awesome student. Jay is also a good dancer. Therefore, Jay is an awesome student and a good dancer.”

(A) conjunction
(B) modus ponens
(C) disjunctive syllogism
(D) simplification
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Q. 169) “Parul is out for a trip or it is not snowing” and “It is snowing or Raju is playing chess” imply that                      

(A) parul is out for trip
(B) raju is playing chess
(C) parul is out for a trip and raju is playing chess
(D) parul is out for a trip or raju is playing chess
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Q. 170) Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then square of n is not odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an not an odd integer” and Q(n) is “(square of n) is not odd.” For direct proof we should prove                    

(A) ∀np ((n) → q(n))
(B) ∃ np ((n) → q(n))
(C) ∀n~(p ((n)) → q(n))
(D) ∀np ((n) → ~(q(n)))
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